The Real-World: The Value of Micro-Economies in Adolescent Programs
Rebecca Lingo • January 27, 2025

We view our adolescents on the road to adulthood. Physically and mentally, they are no longer children, and they are not yet adults. They are in between. As a result, adolescents are deeply interested in what adulthood means and strongly desire to figure out their part in society. 


One thing everyone knows about adulthood is that adults work and pay bills. Of course, adults do much more. We have roles to play in society. We have passions. We have relationships. We have hobbies. All of which contribute to the roles we play in an economic system. Although money is involved, economics is ultimately about our web of interdependence. Every one of us depends upon the work of others.


To try to understand their future roles, adolescents observe the world and are curious about how to make their way as adults do. Although our adolescents may not outwardly show this interest, they are watching their parents. They want to be brought into side-by-side work and are keenly interested in gaining economic independence. 


What is Economics (from a Montessori perspective)?


Economics is how people interact with value, and in particular the production, distribution, and consumption of services and goods. Economic independence allows individuals to make valuable contributions to society. By producing something useful and exchanging it for something else, we are connected. 


In authentic adolescent Montessori communities, the curriculum includes opportunities to grow food, build useful items, and share services of their choosing. They then experience selling what they have produced, allowing them to buy other goods and services with the money they have earned. Through experiences of production and exchange, adolescents get to practice living humanity’s interdependence. They begin to develop an economic personality and a sense of self-worth and dignity.


Micro-Economies as a Form of Production and Exchange


To provide real-life learning on the road to independence, Wheaton Montessori School students develop and run micro-economies, which are small-scale businesses within the school community and beyond. Our adolescents’ curriculum includes typical academic subjects such as language arts, math, science, physical education, and art. 


One of the ingenious ways Dr. Montessori engaged teens in becoming well-rounded individuals is through the development of practical life skills, often referred to as the micro-economy, which includes:


  • Budgeting
  • Planning
  • Inventory management
  • Demand forecasting
  • Customer service
  • Marketing and promotion
  • Pricing strategies
  • Order fulfillment


All of these are done while building teamwork, fostering creativity and problem-solving skills, and encouraging responsibility and accountability. 


Adolescent micro-economies consist of production and exchange practices through various activities, such as operating micro-farms for produce, raising bees to sell honey, taking care of chickens and selling their eggs, crafting seasonal items or baking goods for sale, and offering childcare services like Lego League. The efforts of these adolescents serve as a microcosm of society, highlighting the importance of labor division.


Money and Morality


As a community, adolescents create rules around their micro-economies. Because adolescents have a sensitivity to justice, they are very interested in exploring money and its morality. As a result, they often grapple with questions like: 


What is a fair price to charge?

Should we include our labor when pricing?

How can we do this ethically?

How should we treat our customers? Our suppliers?

How do we want to use our money to express our beliefs and values?


In understanding the role of money within their micro-economies, adolescents also engage in bookkeeping, learn to make projections, and determine the right moments to invest in community initiatives, assessing what percentage of these funds need to be retained for their microeconomy efforts. 


Developing Micro-Economies


As adolescents develop their small businesses, they must also explore the scale of their production and exchange. In doing so, we help them consider if the work is immediate, proportionate, and appropriate. For example, a micro-economy should respond to the group's needs and the place. If students return to school in the fall and the gardens are full of herbs, they must figure out how to deal with the abundance of the harvest. The work also needs to fit the group of students' size and ability while being grounded in the community rather than being manufactured or artificial. 


Thus, adolescents need to consider what goods and services their community needs and whether they can meet them. For example, adolescents can determine if coffee service would be a hit during morning drop-off, or if a farm stand or marketplace could offer goods that help families and their busy lives. 


Long-Term Benefits 


At Wheaton Montessori School, adolescents are provided with opportunities to participate in every stage of the production and exchange cycle—from creation to sale—allowing each person to discover numerous ways to engage, acquire new skills, explore their interests, and contribute to the economic well-being of their community.



In addition, through meaningful production and exchange, adolescents build empathy and a service-oriented mindset. The experience of collaboratively creating and implementing micro-economies fosters a sense of purpose and belonging. Ultimately, this work prepares our young people to become active, contributing to members of their communities. 


Have you heard of the word valorization?  


By supporting these activities in a morally grounded way, we help our adolescents experience valorization. The Montessori concept of valorization emphasizes self-discovery and identity development in adolescents, reflecting the importance of recognizing one's self-worth.


Adolescents realize they have something to offer and are initiated into an economic system that unites people. During this pivotal period of transitioning into adulthood, what could be more essential than recognizing that every young adult has something valuable to offer? What a remarkable way to introduce our global economic system. Is there anything more crucial than supporting each student to find their ethical standards?


It’s truly inspiring to observe how the Wheaton Montessori School Adolescent Program provides hands-on learning experiences. We invite you to schedule a tour to discover how our school equips young individuals to contribute to a brighter future, starting from the primary program through their freshman year of high school.


Students in classroom with headline
By Kelly Jonelis, Adolescent Program Director and Math Teacher January 12, 2026
Where Learning Supports Who They Become Inspired by the Deep Dive on Psycho-Disciplines by David Kahn and Michael Waski In Wheaton Montessori School’s Adolescent Program, learning is more than content acquisition; it is a Psycho-discipline. A psycho-discipline is the connection of each discipline to the psychology of the developing human. When children and adolescents engage in subjects in a way that aligns with their psychology and developmental needs, the learning becomes internalized, and since discipline's root meaning is connected to “accepting with love”, they are supported to love learning. At Wheaton Montessori School, every subject your adolescent studies, from math, science, language, and literature to economics, morality, and culture, is intentionally crafted to support who they are becoming. We don’t teach disciplines simply to transmit facts. We use the subjects of humanities, math, social sciences, language, and sciences to strengthen your adolescent’s confidence, character, and capacity to participate meaningfully in society. This approach is deeply rooted in the Montessori work of David Kahn and Michael Waski, both pioneers of adolescent training programs and adolescent psyche work. They describe these subjects as psycho-disciplines. Psycho-discipline can be defined as the order necessary for self-construction. When children and adolescents engage with subjects in a way that aligns with their psychology and developmental needs, the learning becomes internalized. It becomes part of your children and adolescents. And when the curriculum is deeply connected and part of each individual, the result is self-construction that is whole, complete, interdisciplinary, and integrated. Wheaton Montessori School staff are trained to understand and respond to developmental needs and to aid your children and adolescents in loving to learn across the curriculum. We do this for adolescents by connecting the academic topics we cover to real-life applications that are meaningful and relatable for the student. Rather than teaching facts and skills in a silo “just in case” students may need them, we first present students with meaningful context and then move to presenting lessons that give them the tools they need to engage with that context, “just in time.” Psycho-disciplines: • Engage intellect and emotion • Build purpose through real work • Support the drive for belonging and contribution • Empower independent thought connected to others • Spark passion and identity formation Your adolescents learn to navigate complexity by applying their advanced knowledge to real needs. They learn academics best and enjoy them most when they use what they know to strengthen their community and improve the world. This applies whether they are solving problems that arise within their immediate environment or finding opportunities to serve the broader local community. At Wheaton Montessori School, 7 th -9 th graders engage in learning that is meaningful to them. They begin with recognizing authentic needs around them, extending the growing season in their gardens, keeping their chickens and bees healthy through the year, and then working to address those needs. When we provide the “big picture” first, students enter academic lessons with a clear understanding of why the content matters. Instead of teaching unit conversions or graphing equations in isolation and waiting for the question, “When am I ever going to use this?”, we begin with harvesting honey and ask, “What do we need to know to bottle and sell this honey? How do we determine the right price?” This is psycho-disciplines in action. Thermodynamics becomes relevant as students prepare their beehives for winter. Through this work, your adolescents also come to understand their value and place in the broader adult community, whether they are partnering with organizations such as People’s Resource Center or volunteering at Northern Illinois Food Bank. Learning through psycho-disciplines supports who adolescents are becoming and engages the work of the hand, head, and heart. Wheaton Montessori School adolescents don’t learn by memorizing facts, but by engaging and immersing themselves in meaningful work. This provides the means to learn lessons that speak to who the students are and to stick with them for a lifetime. Why Learning with Purpose Your adolescents are forming their adult identity right now. They are asking: How do I contribute? Where do I belong? Why does this matter? At Wheaton Montessori School, psycho-disciplines answer those questions through: • Meaningful collaboration • Real-world application • Guidance from experts and highly skilled mentors • Leadership and ownership • Choice and autonomy Instead of prioritizing the mere transmission of knowledge, we open the doors to further study and provide the order necessary for the formation of maturity and self-respect.
Children at tables, parents interacting, Montessori school setting. Title: Lighthouse Parenting.
By Christine McClelland and Rebecca Lingo January 5, 2026
Lighthouse Parenting helps children navigate life with guidance and freedom, building the skills and confidence to grow into resilient, independent individuals.